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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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High-Entropy Oxides in the Mullite-Type Structure.

Andrea Kirsch1, Espen Drath Bøjesen2, Niels Lefeld3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.

Chemistry of Materials : a Publication of the American Chemical Society
|October 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new high-entropy materials (HEMs) with diverse compositions in a mullite structure. These advanced materials form from a unique amorphous phase, opening new avenues for functional material discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • High-entropy materials (HEMs) are solid solutions with at least five principal elements.
  • Their compositional complexity offers significant potential for novel functional material development.
  • Mullite-type structures provide a versatile framework for exploring new material compositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel high-entropy materials (HEMs) within a mullite-type crystal structure.
  • To demonstrate the broad compositional space accessible for these HEMs.
  • To investigate the formation mechanism and structural characteristics of the synthesized HEMs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of novel HEMs with varying elemental compositions.
  • Characterization using X-ray diffraction, scattering techniques, microscopy, and spectroscopy.
  • In situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to observe crystallization pathways.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of five new HEMs in a mullite-type structure, including Bi2(Al0.25Ga0.25Fe0.25Mn0.25)4O9 and various A2Mn4O10 compounds.
  • Confirmation of mixed solid solution characteristics through combined analytical techniques.
  • Observation of HEM formation via a metastable amorphous phase, bypassing crystalline intermediates.

Conclusions:

  • The developed synthesis method is highly effective for producing diverse high-entropy materials.
  • The formation pathway through an amorphous phase offers a new route for HEM synthesis.
  • These findings are expected to significantly advance the exploration and application of high-entropy materials.