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Viral Glomerulopathy.

Margaret Deoliveira1, Hridyesh Sikri1, Samuel Mon-Wei Yu1

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Glomerular Diseases
|October 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral infections can cause kidney diseases, known as viral glomerulopathies. While vaccines and antivirals help, new viruses like SARS-CoV-2 pose risks, requiring ongoing research for better treatments.

Keywords:
COVID-19Hepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusHuman immunodeficiency virusViral glomerulopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Viral infections have been linked to glomerular diseases (viral glomerulopathies) for decades.
  • Establishing a definitive causal link between viruses and kidney disease remains challenging despite diagnostic advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of viral glomerulopathies.
  • To highlight the impact of host factors like APOL1 risk alleles on viral glomerulopathy outcomes.
  • To discuss the role of novel antiviral therapies and the ongoing threat of emerging viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical observations and data from mouse models.
  • Analysis of the role of direct viral effects and host genetic factors (e.g., APOL1).
  • Evaluation of the impact of antiviral treatments and vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Mouse models support direct viral infection in viral glomerulopathy pathogenesis, especially in HIV-associated nephropathy.
  • APOL1 risk alleles can influence the clinical presentation and outcomes of viral glomerulopathies.
  • New antiviral drugs offer broader applicability with improved safety profiles for patients with reduced kidney function.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccines and antiviral therapies have decreased viral glomerulopathy incidence but emerging viruses like SARS-CoV-2 remain a threat.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of viral glomerulopathies and developing collaborative therapeutic strategies are crucial.
  • Continued research is essential for deciphering pathogenesis and discovering novel treatments for viral kidney diseases.