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Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.

Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

Sensory Functions of the Skin

Sensory Functions of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...

Perception

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...

Extrasensory Perception

Extrasensory Perception

Extrasensory perception, or ESP, suggests the ability to perceive events beyond the conventional senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Parapsychologists, who research ESP and related psychic phenomena, categorize ESP into three main types: precognition, telepathy, and clairvoyance.
Precognition involves foreseeing future events, such as predicting an accident before it happens. An example of precognition could be someone dreaming about a specific event, like a car crash, which then occurs...

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact at a specific point known as the touchpoint. This contact reduces the resistance between...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Published on: February 10, 2016

Touchless Artificial Perception beyond Fingertip Probing.

Hai Lu Wang¹, Yifan Wang^1,2

¹School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.

|October 30, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Touchless perception technology offers a new way to gather information without physical contact, complementing existing haptic systems. This perspective explores emerging technologies, their applications, and future potential in artificial perception.

Keywords:

artificial perception electronics intelligent tactile touchless

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

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Published on: February 10, 2016

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Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

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Area of Science:

Robotics and Human-Computer Interaction
Artificial Perception and Sensing Technologies

Background:

Traditional tactile devices have limitations in scenarios requiring non-contact interaction.
Touchless perception technologies are emerging as a promising, yet underdeveloped, alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of emerging touchless electronics and their role in artificial perception.
To explore the potential of touchless technologies as supplements to current haptic systems.

Main Methods:

Overview of popular touchless perception protocols.
Summarization of recent advancements and achievements in touchless sensing.
Discussion of potential applications and detected information via touchless probing.

Main Results:

Emerging touchless electronics offer a broad spectrum of capabilities for artificial perception.
Touchless technologies demonstrate potential to supplement and enhance current haptic systems.
Significant progress has been made in various touchless sensing applications.

Conclusions:

Touchless perception technologies present a significant frontier in artificial perception.
Addressing challenges and exploring future deployments are crucial for advancing touchless systems.
These technologies hold promise for revolutionizing human-computer interaction and sensing.