Inorganic-Organic Nanoarchitectonics: MXene/Covalent Organic Framework Heterostructure for Superior Microextraction

One of the difficulties limiting covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from becoming excellent adsorbents is their stacking/aggregation architectures owing to poor morphology/structure control during the synthesis process. Herein, an inorganic-organic nanoarchitectonics strategy to synthesize the MXene/COF heterostructure (Ti₃ C₂ T_x /TAPT-TFP) is developed by the assembly of β-ketoenamine-linked COF on the Ti₃ C₂ T_x MXene nanosheets. The as-prepared Ti₃ C₂ T_x /TAPT-TFP retains the 2D architecture and high adsorption capacity of MXenes as well as large specific surface area and hierarchical porous structure of COFs. As a proof of concept, the potential of Ti₃ C₂ T_x /TAPT-TFP for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of trace organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) is investigated. The Ti₃ C₂ T_x /TAPT-TFP based SPME method achieves low limits of detection (0.036-0.126 ng g^-1 ), wide linearity ranges (0.12-20.0 ng g^-1 ), and acceptable repeatabilities for preconcentrating trace OCPs from fruit and vegetable samples. This study offers insights into the potential of constructing COF or MXene-based heterostructures for the microextraction of environmental pollutants.