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Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
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Are upside-down faces perceived as "less human"?

Adam Eggleston1, Richard Cook2, Harriet Over2

  • 1School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Face inversion does not specifically reduce perceptions of uniquely human traits. Instead, it broadly impacts face encoding, shifting trait attributions toward the average, challenging perceptual dehumanization theory (PDT).

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Perception

Background:

  • Perceptual dehumanization theory (PDT) posits that configural face processing is essential for perceiving 'humanness'.
  • Previous research suggested face inversion, disrupting configural processing, reduces attributions of uniquely human qualities.
  • A seminal study by Hugenberg et al. (2016) found inverted faces were seen as less creative, thoughtful, and empathetic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the impact of face inversion on the attribution of uniquely human traits.
  • To investigate whether face inversion's effect is specific to uniquely human traits or a general encoding phenomenon.
  • To test the generalizability of inversion effects beyond faces.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted four highly powered, preregistered experiments.
  • Manipulated face orientation (upright vs. inverted) and stimulus valence (positive vs. negative).
  • Assessed attributions of uniquely human traits and general 'humanness' across face and non-face stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Face inversion did not specifically affect uniquely human trait attributions.
  • Inversion broadly impedes face encoding, causing trait attributions to regress toward the mean.
  • Valenced faces showed reversed trait attributions when inverted (positive faces perceived less favorably, negative faces more favorably).
  • Inversion effects on 'humanness' judgments were replicated with other canonically oriented stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • The findings challenge a key line of evidence for perceptual dehumanization theory (PDT).
  • Face inversion's impact on trait attribution appears to be a general encoding effect, not specific to uniquely human qualities.
  • The results suggest a broader phenomenon related to stimulus orientation and perception.