Understanding and optimizing fish counting techniques based on electrical impedance measurements

Sustainable aquatic resources management requires reliable methods for fish detection in various environmental conditions. Herein, we study fundamental mechanisms underlying the application of electrical impedance measurements in this regard. We present results of experimental studies conducted in laboratory conditions using a low-cost impedance measurement circuit, as well as the corresponding numerical models. We also present evaluation results of a newly developed, real-time detection algorithm based on adaptive thresholding. The numerical model was validated by extracting fish tracks in 3D space from the experimental datasets, and then comparing the calculated versus measured impedance values as functions of fish coordinates in time. Numerical predictions closely resemble the experimental data. The detection sensitivity and specificity values determined for various settings exceeded 90%. Electrode width to spacing ratio is demonstrated to be a crucial parameter influencing the system sensitivity distribution. The introduced approach can constitute a framework for designing electrical impedance-based fish counting systems.