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Related Concept Videos

Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Concentration Cells

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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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Labile Coordination Interphase for Regulating Lean Ion Dynamics in Reversible Zn Batteries.

Chenxiang Wang1, Jason Zi Jie Zhu1, Samantha Vi-Tang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a zinc-coordinated interphase to stabilize zinc anodes in batteries. This innovation enhances rechargeability and enables high-energy-density, low-electrolyte zinc batteries for large-scale energy storage.

Keywords:
artificial interphase layerlabile and stable coordinationlean electrolyte batteriesreversible cyclingzinc anodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Rechargeability in zinc (Zn) batteries is hindered by anode irreversibility, especially with lean electrolytes, impacting cost-effectiveness for large-scale applications.
  • Chemical corrosion and side reactions at the zinc anode interface degrade battery performance and lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a zinc-coordinated interphase to prevent chemical corrosion and stabilize zinc anodes.
  • To promote selective binding of Zn²⁺ ions with specific ligands for enhanced ion transport.
  • To enable dendrite-free electrodeposition and improve the overall reversibility of zinc anodes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a zinc-coordinated interphase using histidine and carboxylate ligands.
  • Experimental characterization and computational simulations to understand interphase properties.
  • Electrochemical testing of zinc anodes and full cells (Zn||LiMn₂O₄) under various conditions.

Main Results:

  • The interphase demonstrated thermodynamic stability and kinetic lability, promoting selective Zn²⁺ binding and fast diffusion.
  • Regulated dendrite-free zinc electrodeposition and reduced side reactions, achieving over 200 hours of reversible plating/stripping at 20 mA cm⁻².
  • A Zn||LiMn₂O₄ cell achieved 74.7 mWh g⁻¹ energy density and 99.7% Coulombic efficiency after 500 cycles.
  • A lean-electrolyte full cell with the interphase showed a 5x longer lifespan (100 cycles) compared to bare anodes.

Conclusions:

  • The labile coordination interphase effectively stabilizes zinc anodes, enhancing battery rechargeability and lifespan.
  • This approach enables high-energy-density, low-electrolyte zinc batteries, offering a promising solution for grid-scale energy storage.
  • The study provides a proof-of-concept for designing advanced batteries by controlling interfacial coordination chemistry.