Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.6K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.6K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

1.5K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
1.5K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.7K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
23.7K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

23.9K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
23.9K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

26.6K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
26.6K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

600
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
600

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Vacuum Pyrolysis Engineered CoSb/C Scaffold for Sodium Metal Anodes with Sodiophilic and Superionic Interphase.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Operando identification of anion effect on lithium nucleation and growth via in situ transmission electron microscopy.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Indium-Mediated Glue-Like Interlayer Enables Stable High-Capacity Flexible Sodium Metal Batteries.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Additive-Specific SEI Nanostructures on Silicon Anodes Revealed by Cryo-TEM and EELS under Suppressed Bulk Alloying.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Practical lithium-organic batteries enabled by an n-type conducting polymer.

Nature·2026
Same author

Unravel Electrolyte-Dependent Interphase Structures in Lithium-Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Batteries via Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Reconfigurable 2D Floating-Gate Field-Effect Transistors with Graphene-Induced Interfacial Polarization for Unified Memory-Logic Integration.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Bioinstructive Hybrid Scaffold Integrating Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Akt and Complementary Survival Pathways for Kidney Regeneration.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Robust Quantum Cutting via Halide-Bearing Ligand Passivation and Gradient Halide Reconstruction for Ultrabroadband Ultraviolet-to-Near-Infrared Photodetection and Imaging.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Engineering Interferon-γ-Enhanced Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophages via Lipid-Assisted Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Self-Assembly of Dual-Metal-Substituted Polyoxometalates into Two-Dimensional Superstructures for Highly Selective Electrocatalytic Imine Synthesis.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Dual-Function Halide Exchange Strategy for Simultaneous Sn<sup>4+</sup> Elimination and Stability Enhancement in Pb-Sn Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells.

ACS nano·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material
10:53

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

Published on: February 5, 2019

9.1K

Differing Electrolyte Implication on Anion and Cation Intercalation into Graphite.

Yaqi He1,2,3, Cheng Zhen3, Menghao Li3

  • 1Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.

ACS Nano
|October 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dual-graphite batteries show promise, but electrolyte challenges persist. Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) improves stability by forming a protective anode layer and reducing solvent co-intercalation, enhancing cycle life for both battery electrodes.

Keywords:
Cryo-EMdual-graphite batteryelectrolyte implicationinterphasesolvation structure

More Related Videos

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway
11:25

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Published on: March 7, 2022

4.6K
Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

21.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material
10:53

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

Published on: February 5, 2019

9.1K
Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway
11:25

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Published on: March 7, 2022

4.6K
Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

21.7K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Dual-graphite batteries (DGBs) offer high voltage and cost-effectiveness.
  • Electrolyte compatibility for both graphite anode and cathode is a significant challenge.
  • The impact of electrolytes on ion intercalation in graphite is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate graphite anode and cathode performance in ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) based electrolytes.
  • To investigate the electrode-electrolyte interphase using Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM).
  • To elucidate the role of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in DGB performance.

Main Methods:

  • Performance evaluation of graphite anode and cathode in EMC electrolytes.
  • Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) for interphase analysis.
  • Electrochemical testing to assess cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) addition significantly improves cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency for both graphite anode and cathode.
  • FEC facilitates a thin, uniform LiF-embedded solid-electrolyte interphase on the anode, reducing exfoliation.
  • Graphite cathode shows minimal byproducts, layer bending, and lattice disorder, attributed to anion intercalation and oxidation; absence of CEI layers suggests self-discharge.
  • FEC enhances stability by weakening solvation, reducing solvent co-intercalation, not by altering cathodic byproduct composition.

Conclusions:

  • FEC addition is beneficial for DGBs, improving anode protection and cathode stability.
  • The lack of a cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer is a key factor in graphite cathode self-discharge.
  • Weakened solvation due to FEC is the primary mechanism for enhanced cycle stability, not changes in cathodic byproducts.