Emerging factors affecting peri-implant bone metabolism

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Biomaterials Science
• Bone Metabolism

Background:

• Implant dentistry has achieved predictable osseointegration due to material science advancements.
• However, early implant failures persist, often linked to factors affecting bone metabolism.
• Smokers exhibit impaired bone metabolism, increasing risks for implant failure and complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of various factors on bone metabolism and aseptic peri-implant bone loss.
• To highlight critical elements influencing osseointegration beyond standard implant surface technology.
• To inform prevention and management strategies for peri-implantitis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of implant-related, surgical, drug, and host factors affecting bone metabolism.
• Analysis of emerging data on osseointegration and peri-implant bone stability.
• Synthesis of information on risk factors for early implant failure and late complications.

Main Results:

• Implant surface characteristics and titanium particle release can affect osseointegration.
• Surgical techniques (e.g., osseodensification) and biomaterials play a role.
• Drugs (SSRIs, PPIs, antihypertensives, NSAIDs, statins), smoking, diet, and metabolic syndrome significantly impact bone metabolism and peri-implant bone health.

Conclusions:

• Effective prevention and management of peri-implantitis require surveying implant, surgical, drug, and host-related factors.
• Understanding these factors is crucial for maintaining peri-implant bone stability and long-term implant success.
• While infections cause peri-implantitis, underlying metabolic and systemic factors are critical for prevention.