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The causal effects between selenium levels and the brain cortical structure: A two-sample Mendelian randomization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) and selenoproteins are crucial for brain function and cognition.
  • The precise impact of Se on brain cortical structure remains largely unknown.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) is a suitable method for investigating causal relationships between genetic predispositions and health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal effect of selenium (Se) levels on brain cortical structure using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
  • To identify specific cortical regions where Se levels may influence cortical thickness and surface area.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 11 genetic variants associated with Se levels from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for European populations.
  • Sourced outcome data from the ENIGMA Consortium (n=51,666) for global and regional cortical surface area (SA) and thickness (TH).
  • Employed the inverse-variance-weighted method for primary analysis, with sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness.

Main Results:

  • Global cortical thickness (TH) was negatively correlated with Se levels (p=.0115).
  • Significant regional variations were observed: Se positively correlated with TH in the parahippocampal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and frontal pole.
  • Se levels showed varied correlations with cortical surface area (SA) across regions, including positive associations with the inferior parietal lobe and negative associations with the medial orbitofrontal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • This MR study provides evidence that selenium (Se) levels causally influence brain cortical structure.
  • Findings highlight regional specificity in the impact of Se on cortical thickness and surface area.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Se's influence on brain morphology.