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Review: The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal transduction pathway in canine cancer

Travis K Meuten1, Gregg A Dean1, Douglas H Thamm1

  • 1Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Veterinary Pathology
|October 31, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Canine and human tumors share molecular similarities, making dog cancer research valuable for both veterinary and human medicine. Understanding the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in dog tumors offers insights into targeted cancer therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Comparative oncology
  • Molecular biology
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Dogs and humans exhibit similar tumor molecular and genetic profiles.
  • The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB; AKT)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently dysregulated in both species' tumors.
  • Canine cancer models offer insights into human cancer biology and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in canine health and cancer.
  • To summarize current knowledge of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in key canine cancers.
  • To discuss advancements in targeted inhibitors for this pathway in veterinary oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications.
  • Analysis of molecular and genetic data from canine neoplasms.
  • Synopsis of targeted therapy research in canine cancer.

Main Results:

  • The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is a critical regulator of cell growth and survival, often aberrant in canine tumors.
  • Specific canine cancers show distinct PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway alterations.
  • Targeted inhibitors show promise in preclinical and clinical studies for canine cancers.

Conclusions:

  • The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is a significant target for canine cancer therapy.
  • Further research into canine cancer and targeted inhibitors can benefit both veterinary and human medicine.
  • Comparative oncology utilizing canine models advances understanding of cancer signaling pathways and treatment strategies.
Keywords:
AKTcancerdogmechanistic target of rapamycinneoplasiaphosphatidylinositol 3-kinasetumor

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