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Distribution and effects of the 1/29 Robertsonian translocation in cattle
Abstract:
The distribution and effects of the 1/29 translocation in cattle, defined with chromosome banding techniques, are described. Findings in different parts of the world are reported, and the origin of the translocation in some cases is explained. Geographical distribution as known at present reflects the areas in which chromosome investigations have been carried out rather than the true distribution. It is not known whether the occurrence of the 1/29 translocation in different geographical areas and breeds is due to recurrent mutation or distribution of an ancient mutation, but many observations point to the latter. Although direct observations of an increased embryonic mortality are lacking, reduced fertility of males and females heterozygous for 1/29 is established. No correlations of the 1/29 translocation with other characteristics have been found, and variability in incidence between different populations is probably due to genetic drift. The importance in animal breeding of introducing eradication programs is emphasized, and it is stressed that cattle populations using artificial insemination should undergo routine cytogenetic investigations.
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Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...

