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Candidate gene-environment interactions in substance abuse: A systematic review
Zheng Jiang1, Zidong Chen1, Xi Chen1,2
1Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Plos One
|October 31, 2023
Summary
Genetic and environmental factors influence substance use disorders. This review found significant gene-environment interactions in many genes, with the diathesis-stress model being the most common pattern. Future research needs consistent designs for clearer insights.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Psychology
Background:
- Substance use disorders are complex, influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
- Existing research on gene-environment interactions in substance use shows mixed results.
- Identifying specific gene contributions is crucial for understanding vulnerability to substance use.
Approach:
- A systematic review of published studies on gene-environment interactions in substance use was conducted up to March 1, 2022.
- Data on demographics, target genes, environmental factors, and findings were collected and summarized.
- Focus was on candidate gene-environment interactions relevant to substance use patterns.
Key Points:
- Out of 44 studies reviewed, 38 reported significant gene-environment interaction effects.
- Genes such as MAOA, OPRM1, and GABRA1 showed 100% significant interaction effects in the reviewed studies.
- The diathesis-stress model was the dominant interaction pattern (89.5%), followed by the differential susceptibility model.
Conclusions:
- Gene-environment interaction research in substance use is methodologically diverse, complicating pooled analysis.
- To improve future research, consistent study designs, power calculations, covariate control, and theory-based hypotheses are recommended.
- Standardization is needed to identify specific influences on substance use behaviors.
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