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Racial Differences in Older Adult's Mental Health and Cognitive Symptomatology: Identifying Subgroups Using

Se Hee Min1, Maxim Topaz1, Chiyoung Lee2

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Racial disparities exist in mental health and cognitive symptom groups among older adults. Black seniors were more likely to experience severe cognitive and mood impairments compared to White seniors.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Racial differences in mental health and cognitive symptoms among older adults are not well understood.
  • Latent subgroup membership may reveal disparities in symptomatology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify latent subgroups based on mental health and cognitive symptoms in older adults.
  • To investigate potential racial differences in membership across these subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary data analysis of Wave 2 National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) data (N=1819).
  • Multiple-group latent class analysis examined depression, anxiety, loneliness, happiness, and cognition.
  • Subgroup membership was compared between racial groups.

Main Results:

  • Three latent classes were identified: 'Severe Cognition & Mild-Moderate Mood Impaired,' 'Moderate Cognition & Mood Impaired,' and 'Mild Cognition Impaired & Healthy Mood.'
  • Black older adults showed a higher likelihood of belonging to the 'Severe Cognition & Mild-Moderate Mood Impaired' class.
  • White older adults were more frequently classified into the 'Moderate Cognition & Mood Impaired' and 'Mild Cognition Impaired & Healthy Mood' classes.

Conclusions:

  • Findings highlight significant racial differences in the manifestation of mental health and cognitive symptoms among older adults.
  • Culturally sensitive care is essential for accurate assessment and treatment across diverse racial groups.