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Aptamer-engineered (nano)materials for theranostic applications.

Navid Rabiee1,2, Suxiang Chen1,2, Sepideh Ahmadi3,4

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Summary

Engineered nanomaterials modified with aptamers offer enhanced biomedical applications, improving drug delivery, biosensing, and therapies by increasing selectivity and reducing toxicity. This review explores their mechanisms, benefits, and challenges for future research.

Keywords:
aptameraptamer modified materialsbiomedical engineeringbiosensorsnanomaterials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Organic, inorganic, and nanomaterials are widely used in diverse biomedical applications.
  • Current applications include drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, biosensors, and various therapies.
  • Material surface and bulk engineering with biomolecules and aptamers can enhance performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of aptamer-modified engineered materials for biomedical applications.
  • To analyze the mechanisms, advantages, and challenges associated with these advanced materials.
  • To critically evaluate existing literature and inspire future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review focusing on aptamer-modified engineered materials.
  • Analysis of material modification strategies, including surface and bulk engineering.
  • Evaluation of applications in drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing, and therapy.

Main Results:

  • Aptamer modification enhances material selectivity, sensitivity, stability, and reduces cytotoxicity.
  • Engineered materials demonstrate significant potential across a range of biomedical fields.
  • Key challenges include optimizing aptamer conjugation and ensuring long-term in vivo efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Aptamer-modified engineered materials represent a promising frontier in multifunctional biomedical applications.
  • Further research is needed to overcome current limitations and fully realize their therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
  • This review provides a foundation for understanding and advancing the field of aptamer-based biomaterials.