Lactation physiokinetics-using advances in technology for a fresh perspective on human milk transfer

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Lactation Science
• Systems Biology

Background:

• Breastfeeding is critical for infant health, yet the biomechanics of human milk transfer are poorly understood.
• Identifying regulatory points and dysfunctions in milk transfer is essential for improving breastfeeding outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the biomechanical mechanisms regulating human milk transfer from breast to infant stomach.
• To characterize Maternal/Infant Lactation physioKinetics (MILK) using biosensor technology.

Main Methods:

• Employed a systems biology and engineering approach, integrating systems medicine.
• Utilized a Biosensor ARray (BAR) to collect data on milk flow and associated physiological parameters.
• Investigated the relationship between breast turgor, temperature, contact force, oral pressure, and jaw movement during milk transfer.

Main Results:

• Breast turgor and temperature changes significantly correlated with milk volume transferred.
• Contact force demonstrated a positive correlation with milk flow.
• Oral pressure was found to be a redundant measure, reflecting jaw movements.

Conclusions:

• Nipple/breast turgor, jaw movement, and swallowing are associated with the mass of milk transferred.
• Further research is needed to precisely quantify these variables and their regulatory roles in milk transfer.
• This foundational understanding is crucial for developing improved therapeutic strategies for breastfeeding support.