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Sociodemographic, biological, and developmental characteristics of preschool children born full-term and preterm

Lisseth Barra C1, Soledad Coo1

  • 1Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.

Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena De Pediatria
|November 1, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Preterm birth in Chile impacts preschooler development, with preterm infants showing higher risks and lower developmental scores. Further research is needed on prematurity and social risk interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity in Chile.
  • Limited data exists on the characteristics of preschool-aged children born preterm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe sociodemographic, biological, and developmental characteristics of Chilean preschool children.
  • To compare characteristics between full-term and preterm-born children.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of the 2010 Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey (ELPI) database.
  • Included 8,571 children aged 2-4 years, with 9.78% born preterm.
  • Analyzed sociodemographic data, biological risk factors, and psychomotor development using descriptive and Chi-square analyses.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in sex, geographic residence, or health prognosis between groups.
  • Preterm infants more frequently reside in urban areas and exhibit higher biological risk factors.
  • Preterm children scored lower, on average, in all developmental areas compared to full-term peers.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth is associated with increased biological risks and developmental challenges in Chilean preschoolers.
  • Highlights the need to investigate the interplay between prematurity and social risk factors.
  • Suggests targeted interventions for preterm infants may be necessary to mitigate developmental disparities.

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