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Does mandibular osteotomy affect the infraorbital nerve? a prospective study.

Kıvanç Berke Ak1, Abdullah Özel2, Muazzez Süzen2

  • 1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry İstanbul Medipol University, TEM Avrupa otoyolu göztepe çıkışı no:1, 34214, İstanbul, Turkey. kivancberkeak@gmail.com.

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Summary

Orthognathic surgery can impact infraorbital nerve (ION) sensation, with double jaw procedures causing more severe somatosensory changes. Recovery is faster for the upper lip and single jaw surgeries compared to double jaw operations.

Keywords:
Infraorbital nerveNerve damageNeurosensorial disorderOrthognathic surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Neurosurgery
  • Sensory Neuroscience

Background:

  • Orthognathic surgery (OS) aims to correct dentofacial deformities.
  • The infraorbital nerve (ION) is susceptible to sensory changes after OS.
  • Understanding ION sensory function post-OS is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sensory function of the infraorbital nerve (ION) following orthognathic surgery (OS).
  • To compare sensory changes between patients undergoing single-jaw versus double-jaw OS.
  • To assess the recovery patterns of ION somatosensory function.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 28 patients undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy with or without bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO).
  • Patients grouped based on whether BSSO was performed (single vs. double jaw surgery).
  • Sensory testing (Class A, B, C) used to quantify peripheral nerve damage and altered sensation.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant differences in nerve damage scale (NSD) scores were observed between pre- (T1) and post-operative (T2) periods (p<0.001).
  • Mean NSD scores increased from T1 to T2, indicating sensory impairment.
  • The mean NSD score was higher in the double jaw group compared to the single jaw group at all time points.

Conclusions:

  • Bimaxillary surgeries negatively impact early somatosensory changes.
  • Upper lip somatosensory recovery is faster than infraorbital nerve recovery.
  • Single jaw surgery leads to faster recovery than double jaw surgery.