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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
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The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

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Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential
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How much anthropogenic carbon fixation do we need?

Wensheng Xiao1, Simeon J Smaill2, Xiaoqi Zhou1

  • 1Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|November 1, 2023
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Summary

Human activities drive global warming through carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Achieving net zero CO2 requires 1.5 gigatons of carbon fixation by 2050, necessitating further research into natural carbon sinks.

Keywords:
Carbon emissionsCarbon fixationCarbon neutralityGlobal warming

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Earth System Science

Background:

  • Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the principal cause of global warming.
  • Reducing emissions is critical, but some unavoidable emissions will persist.
  • Quantifying necessary carbon fixation for net zero is essential for climate targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the carbon fixation required to achieve net zero CO2 emissions by 2050 under the RCP2.6 scenario.
  • To assess the scale of anthropogenic carbon fixation needed to meet climate goals.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding natural carbon fixation stability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the RCP2.6 scenario, consistent with the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C warming limit.
  • Calculated the required gigatons of CO2 fixation for net zero emissions by 2050.
  • Analyzed the challenges in estimating anthropogenic fixation due to natural process disruptions.

Main Results:

  • Achieving net zero CO2 emissions by 2050 requires 1.5 gigatons (Gt) of anthropogenic carbon fixation.
  • This fixation requirement escalates significantly if emissions are not curtailed by 2050.
  • Estimating future anthropogenic fixation is complicated by potential instability in natural carbon sinks.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent research is needed to understand the stability of natural carbon fixation processes.
  • Establishing reliable goals for anthropogenic carbon fixation depends on this understanding.
  • Meeting climate targets necessitates both emission reductions and robust carbon fixation strategies.