[Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for myeloproliferative neoplasms]

The median survival duration of myelofibrosis is about 5 years and at present, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is the only curative treatment. Although myelofibrosis's clinical course and prognosis vary from patient to patient, the time and indication of transplantation should be determined in light of the likelihood of transplant-related death or long-term prognosis, as well as any information on each patient's gene mutation risk. Previous reports have demonstrated that allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation can be a curative treatment for myelofibrosis. However, the transplant-related mortality rate is as high as 30-50%, and the overall survival rate is only around 40%. Future research should clarify how to decide between JAK2 inhibitors and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, how to lower high transplant-related mortality, how to choose a stem cell source, how to create the best pretransplant treatment, and how to incorporate JAK2 inhibitors before transplantation.