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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Prediabetes Progression and Regression on Objectively- Measured Physical Function: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Shanhu Qiu1,2, Yiming Zhu3, Bo Xie1,2

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Prediabetes progression worsens grip strength in older adults. Reverting to normal blood sugar levels did not prevent age-related physical function decline in this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Physical Function

Background:

  • Prediabetes is linked to physical function decline in older adults.
  • The specific impact of prediabetes progression or regression on physical function remains unclear.
  • This study investigates the longitudinal association between prediabetes status changes and physical function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the longitudinal association between prediabetes progression/regression and physical function in US adults over 50.
  • To determine if changes in prediabetes status affect grip strength, walking speed, and standing balance.
  • To provide insights into managing physical function in aging populations with prediabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 1,511 US adults aged >50 with prediabetes from the Health and Retirement Study.
  • Assessed prediabetes status alteration (maintained, regressed, progressed) over 4 years.
  • Measured physical function (grip strength, walking speed, standing balance) over an additional 4 years using objective measures and regression analyses.

Main Results:

  • Prediabetes progression was associated with an 89% increased odds of developing weak grip strength and larger grip strength declines.
  • No significant associations were found between prediabetes progression and impairments in walking speed or standing balance.
  • Regression of prediabetes to normoglycemia did not significantly impact any measured physical function outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Progression of prediabetes accelerates grip strength decline in the aging population.
  • Regression to normoglycemia may not fully mitigate age-related physical function decline.
  • Maintaining prediabetes status or regressing to normoglycemia did not prevent declines in grip strength and walking speed over time.