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Long-term cognitive dysfunction after the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review
Sanobar Shariff1,2, Olivier Uwishema1,3,4, Jocelyn Mizero1,5
1Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda.
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012)
|November 2, 2023
Summary
Long COVID can cause significant cognitive impairment, affecting memory and attention. Further research is needed for effective neurocognitive assessments and treatments to improve patient quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, leads to Long COVID/Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.
- Cognitive dysfunction, including fatigue and brain fog, is a common and debilitating symptom.
- Mechanisms of cognitive impairment are multifaceted, involving both central and extra-central nervous system causes, but remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the underlying mechanisms of long-term cognitive impairment post-COVID-19.
- To explore associations and potential prevention strategies with early intervention.
- To understand the impact on patients' quality of life.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid).
- Inclusion criteria focused on articles detailing cognitive dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Exclusion criteria removed studies on other causes of cognitive dysfunction; relevant data was extracted and analyzed.
Main Results:
- The exact pathogenesis of COVID-19-related cognitive dysfunction is still unclear, impeding management strategies.
- Proposed mechanisms include direct blood-brain barrier damage, systemic inflammation, hypoxia, and intensive care unit (ICU) stays.
- No definitive management guidelines are currently established.
Conclusions:
- Long-term cognitive impairment is a significant global challenge affecting quality of life post-COVID-19.
- Comprehensive evaluations and interventions are vital for all COVID-19 patients, particularly those with prior cognitive issues.
- Further research is recommended for developing timely and effective neurocognitive assessments and treatment plans.
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