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Prevalence of pericardial effusion in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Johanna Sophia Jost1, Till Frederik Kaireit2, Bernd Auber3

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Clinical Kidney Journal
|November 2, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pericardial effusion (PE) affects 6.3% of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients, with higher prevalence in females. Autoimmune diseases were more common in patients with PE, suggesting further investigation for non-ADPKD pathologies.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is associated with various extrarenal manifestations.
  • Pericardial effusion (PE) is a potential underrecognized complication of ADPKD, with reported prevalence up to 35%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the prevalence of PE in an ADPKD cohort outside the USA.
  • To identify associated risk factors for PE in ADPKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinically stable ADPKD patients from a specialized outpatient clinic.
  • Evaluation of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for PE presence (≥4 mm).
  • Correlation of imaging findings with clinical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Pericardial effusion (PE) was detected in 17 out of 208 evaluable ADPKD patients (8.2%), resulting in an overall prevalence of 6.3%.
  • PE prevalence was higher in females (7.8%) compared to males (3.8%).
  • Autoimmune diseases were more prevalent in patients with PE (11.8% vs. 2.1%, P=.022); no association was found with rapid disease progression, ADPKD genotype, age, or BMI.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of PE in this ADPKD cohort was lower than previously reported, with a notable female predominance.
  • Further attention to patients with PE >10 mm is warranted due to potential co-existing non-ADPKD pathologies.
  • Renal functional impairment, sex, and proteinuria are suggested as candidate variables for further investigation.
Abstract

Keywords:
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseaseextrarenal manifestationfemale preponderancepericardial effusionprevalence

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