Ambulatory Hysteroscopy: Evaluating Pain and Determining Factors
Avisha Malu1, Meenal Patvekar1, Dipak Kolate1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra 411018 India.
Study Objective:
To measure pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and analyse its relationships with variables such as menopausal status, parity, uterine and cervical pathology, procedure length, and anxiety in patients undergoing ambulatory hysteroscopy (AH).
Design:
Prospective observational study.
Setting:
Dr DY Patil Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Dr.D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune.
Patients:
Seventy-five women.
Intervention:
Ambulatory hysteroscopy(AH).
Methodology:
AH was performed in seventy-five patients using vaginoscopic approach. At the end of the procedure, the intensity of pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), from the score of 0 (no pain) to 10 (intolerable pain). The factors determining pain were assessed.
Results:
Patients who underwent AH reported mild pain in 66% of cases, moderate pain in 22%, and severe pain in 12% of cases. The most frequent reason for referral was abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).In the moderate pain group, the bivariate analysis was statistically significant for menopausal status (P values < 0.001), cervical pathology (< 0.001), and duration of procedure (0.001) and in multivariate analysis nulliparity (0.001) and menopausal status (0.001) were the significant determining factors.In severe pain group, the bivariate analysis was statistically significant for cervical pathology (P value = 0.001) and in multivariate analysis cervical pathology (0.003) and uterine pathology (0.002) were the significant determining factors.
Conclusion:
Hysteroscopy is a safe, painless and a gold standard procedure. Pain experienced during AH was significantly influenced by cervical pathology. Gynaecologists in practise should receive training and start using AH to assess the endometrial cavity.
