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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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Published on: February 24, 2023

Diagnostic Accuracy of a Real-Time Host-Protein Test for Infection.

Adi Klein^1,2, Ma'anit Shapira^3,2, Shelly Lipman-Arens^4,2

¹Pediatrics Department.

|November 2, 2023

Summary

A novel host protein test, MMBV, accurately differentiates bacterial from viral infections in children when physician diagnosis is uncertain. This biomarker panel significantly outperforms clinical suspicion, improving diagnostic accuracy for infectious etiologies.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Disease Diagnostics
Biomarker Discovery
Clinical Microbiology

Background:

Differentiating viral from bacterial infections is challenging due to overlapping symptoms.
Accurate etiological diagnosis is crucial for appropriate patient management and antibiotic stewardship.
Existing diagnostic methods often lack the precision needed in ambiguous cases.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the MMBV (multi-marker) host protein test.
To compare MMBV performance against physician's etiological suspicion in febrile children with uncertain diagnoses.
To assess MMBV's utility in cases where viral and bacterial infections present similarly.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of febrile children (3 months–18 years) with uncertain infection etiology.
Utilized a host protein signature integrating TNF-related apoptosis-induced ligand, interferon γ-induced protein-10, and C-reactive protein (MMBV).
Compared MMBV scores against a reference standard adjudicated by independent experts, blinded to MMBV results.

Main Results:

MMBV demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy: 89.7% sensitivity and 92.6% specificity.
MMBV significantly outperformed physician's etiological suspicion (P < .0001).
The MMBV test achieved an equivocal rate of 12.4% in the study population.

Conclusions:

The MMBV test is a more accurate tool for determining infection etiology compared to physician's clinical suspicion.
MMBV exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, supporting its clinical utility in diagnosing pediatric infections.
This host protein signature offers a promising approach to resolve diagnostic uncertainty in febrile children.