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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.

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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Anthraquinone-Based Silicate Covalent Organic Frameworks as Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High-Performance

Chen Li¹, Dan-Dong Wang², Gerald Siu Hang Poon Ho¹

¹Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|November 2, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed new anthraquinone-based silicate covalent organic frameworks (AQ-Si-COFs) to improve lithium-metal battery safety. These materials act as solid electrolyte interphases, suppressing dendrite growth and enhancing battery performance for reliable energy storage.

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) offer high energy density but face safety challenges due to Li anode dendrites and unstable interphases.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show promise for solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) due to their ionic conductivity and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and evaluate novel anthraquinone-based silicate COFs (AQ-Si-COFs) as solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) for lithium-metal batteries.
To investigate the electrochemical properties and dendrite suppression capabilities of AQ-Si-COFs.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of AQ-Si-COFs via condensation of tetrahydroxyanthraquinone with silicon dioxide.
Characterization of ionic conductivity and transference number of the synthesized COFs.
Testing of LMB cells with AQ-Si-COF as the SEI on the Li anode against a LiCoO2 cathode.

Main Results:

AQ-Si-COFs exhibited high ionic conductivity (9.8 mS cm⁻¹) and a high single-ion transference number (0.92).
LMB cells demonstrated a reversible capacity of 188 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.25 C with stable high-voltage operation.
Suppressed dendrite growth and maintained capacity with less than 3% decrease over 100 cycles.

Conclusions:

Redox-active and anionic AQ-Si-COFs are effective as SEIs in lithium-metal batteries.
These COFs significantly enhance battery safety and cyclability, paving the way for practical LMB applications.