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This study introduces visible near-infrared spectrometry to detect toxic emerald green pigments in 19th-century bookbindings. This non-destructive method efficiently identifies arsenic, safeguarding users from hazardous materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Art Conservation Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Material Science

Background:

  • 19th-century bookbindings often contain toxic heavy metal pigments, posing health risks.
  • Arsenical emerald green, a vibrant pigment, is particularly hazardous due to its friable nature.
  • Non-destructive methods are needed for identifying toxic pigments in cultural heritage objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of visible near-infrared spectrometry for detecting arsenic in bookbinding pigments.
  • To establish a non-destructive, cost-effective method for identifying emerald green in historical bindings.
  • To validate hyperspectral data with Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDS.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study analyzed 800 green bookbindings using a portable ASD TerraSpec Halo spectrometer (350-2500 nm).
  • Hyperspectral reflectance data was collected to identify pigment signatures.
  • Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used for validation.

Main Results:

  • Visible near-infrared spectrometry successfully identified a distinctive spectral pattern for emerald green pigments.
  • This spectral signature was distinguishable from other green pigments.
  • The technique proved effective in detecting arsenic presence in bookbindings.

Conclusions:

  • Visible near-infrared spectrometry is a viable, non-destructive tool for detecting toxic emerald green in historical bookbindings.
  • This method offers a cost-effective and efficient approach for cultural heritage institutions.
  • Early detection of hazardous pigments can prevent user exposure and aid conservation efforts.