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Related Concept Videos

Types of Hypothesis Testing01:11

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There are three types of hypothesis tests: right-tailed, left-tailed, and two-tailed.
When the null and alternative hypotheses are stated, it is observed that the null hypothesis is a neutral statement against which the alternative hypothesis is tested. The alternative hypothesis is a claim that instead has a certain direction. If the null hypothesis claims that p = 0.5, the alternative hypothesis would be an opposing statement to this and can be put either p > 0.5, p < 0.5, or p...
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The t-test is a statistical method used to compare the sample mean with a population mean or compare two means from two data sets. The test statistic is calculated from the standard deviation, mean, and number of measurements in the data set at a selected confidence interval and then compared to a table of critical values at this confidence level. If the test statistic is smaller than the critical value, the null hypothesis is accepted. In this case, we state that the difference between the...
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Student's t-test in Microsoft Excel is a statistical method used to compare the means of two groups to determine if they are significantly different from each other. It's commonly used to evaluate hypotheses, such as testing whether a treatment has an effect compared to a control group. Excel provides built-in functions to perform t-tests, making it accessible for users needing to conduct basic statistical analysis.
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The Wilcoxon rank-sum test, also known as the Mann-Whitney U test, is a nonparametric test used to determine if there is a significant difference between the distributions of two independent samples. This test is designed specifically for two independent populations and has the following key requirements:
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The sign test is a nonparametric method used to evaluate hypotheses about the median of a single sample or to compare the medians of two related samples. The sign test is particularly useful when dealing with nominal data, which includes distinct categories without an inherent order, such as names, labels, and preferences. Nominal data restricts statistical analysis to evaluating population proportions rather than mean or median values that require continuous data.
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In general, the sign test serves as a nonparametric method to test hypotheses about the median of a single population when the data does not follow a known distribution. This simplicity makes it particularly useful for small sample sizes or when the assumptions of parametric tests cannot be met. The process begins with identifying a null hypothesis, typically stating that the population median equals a specific value. The alternative hypothesis could be that the median is either not equal to,...
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One-tailed tests: Let's do this (responsibly).

Andrew H Hales1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi.

Psychological Methods
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preregistered one-tailed tests offer greater statistical power without increasing false positives, making them valuable for psychological research. Encouraging their use can improve hypothesis testing and research persuasiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Statistical Methods

Background:

  • One-tailed tests are underutilized in psychology despite controlling false positives.
  • Preregistration is key to the valid application of one-tailed tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Advocate for the use of preregistered one-tailed tests in psychological research.
  • Address common misconceptions hindering the adoption of one-tailed tests.

Main Methods:

  • Argumentative, based on statistical principles and research best practices.
  • Focuses on the benefits of preregistered one-tailed tests.

Main Results:

  • Preregistered one-tailed tests maintain false-positive control.
  • They offer increased statistical power when the effect direction is correctly predicted.
  • These tests align theory with hypothesis and enhance result persuasiveness.

Conclusions:

  • One-tailed tests are suitable for applied research, replications, and situations with predictable effects.
  • Encouraging preregistered one-tailed tests can improve statistical practices in psychology.