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    This study introduces a new surface-based method for reconstructing U-fibers using diffusion MRI. The technique improves the tracking of these crucial brain connections, aiding in the study of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimaging
    • Computational Neuroscience
    • Diffusion MRI

    Background:

    • Short association fibers (U-fibers) are vital for brain function but difficult to reconstruct.
    • Existing diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography methods struggle with the complex trajectories of U-fibers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel surface-based framework for accurate probabilistic tracking of U-fibers.
    • To overcome limitations of conventional volume-based tractography for superficial white matter structures.

    Main Methods:

    • A surface-based framework using triangular mesh representation of superficial white matter (SWM).
    • Transformation of spherical harmonics (SPHARM) coefficients of fiber orientation distributions (FODs) to local coordinate systems.
    • Parallel transport for intrinsic streamline propagation on the SWM.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed method effectively reconstructs U-fibers connecting the precentral and postcentral gyrus.
    • Quantitative validations on post-mortem MRIs show superior faithfulness to SWM compared to volume-based methods.
    • Significant associations between U-fiber connectivity and disease severity were detected in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease patients.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel surface-based tractography method enhances U-fiber reconstruction accuracy.
    • This approach offers a more effective tool for studying brain disorders involving U-fiber alterations.
    • The method shows promise for clinical applications in neurodegenerative diseases.