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MicroRNA-Mediated Host Immune Genes Manipulation Benefits AcMNPV Proliferation in Spodoptera frugiperda
Jie Zhang1, Junaid Zafar1, Jinrong Kong1
1National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, "Belt and Road" Technology Industry and Innovation Institute for Green and Biological Control of Agricultural Pests, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Abstract:
Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly destructive migratory pest that threatens various crops globally. Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is an effective biocontrol agent against lepidopteran pests. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response to AcMNPV infection in S. frugiperda. RNA-seq and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses identified the Toll, IMD, and apoptosis pathways as primary immune responses. Investigation into AcMNPV-induced apoptosis in the S. frugiperda cell line (Sf9) revealed that the Toll pathway activated the JNK via the TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6) adapter. In addition, AcMNPV-induced the differential expression of several host-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs), with significant negative regulatory effects, on S. frugiperda antiviral immune genes. RNAi and miRNA-mimic mediated silencing of these genes resulted in increased AcMNPV proliferation. Our findings reinforce the potential of AcMNPV as a potent biocontrol agent and further our understanding of developing biotechnology-based targeted pest control agents.
Insights
This study reveals how the Spodoptera frugiperda insect fights Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Understanding these immune responses, including key pathways and microRNAs, enhances AcMNPV
Area of Science:
- Molecular Entomology
- Insect Pathology
- Biocontrol Agents
Background:
- Spodoptera frugiperda is a significant agricultural pest globally.
- Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) shows promise as a biocontrol agent for lepidopteran pests.
- Understanding insect immune responses is crucial for developing effective pest management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the immune response in Spodoptera frugiperda upon AcMNPV infection.
- To investigate the roles of specific signaling pathways and microRNAs in antiviral immunity.
- To provide insights for enhancing the efficacy of AcMNPV as a biocontrol agent.
Main Methods:
- RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were employed to analyze gene expression.
- The Spodoptera frugiperda cell line (Sf9) was used to study virus-induced apoptosis.
- RNA interference (RNAi) and miRNA-mimic assays were performed to assess gene and miRNA functions.
Main Results:
- The Toll, IMD, and apoptosis pathways were identified as primary immune responses to AcMNPV.
- The Toll pathway activates JNK signaling through the TRAF6 adapter during AcMNPV infection.
- AcMNPV infection induced differential expression of host microRNAs (miRNAs) that negatively regulate antiviral immune genes, leading to increased viral proliferation upon silencing.
Conclusions:
- The study details key molecular players in S. frugiperda's antiviral immunity against AcMNPV.
- Findings support the use of AcMNPV as a potent biocontrol agent.
- This research contributes to the development of biotechnology-based targeted pest control solutions.
