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Related Concept Videos

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

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In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
One...
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Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

1.4K
The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.6K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.6K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

17.2K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Solid electrolytes redefine ion conduction.

Anton Van der Ven1

  • 1Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 2, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding ion transport mechanisms in solid electrolytes is key for designing advanced lithium batteries. This research provides insights to improve battery performance and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-state Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid electrolytes are crucial for next-generation lithium batteries, offering potential safety and energy density improvements over liquid electrolytes.
  • Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of ion transport within these solid materials is essential for optimizing their performance.
  • Current knowledge gaps exist regarding the precise pathways and dynamics of ion movement in various solid electrolyte systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental mechanism of ion transport in solid electrolytes.
  • To provide a framework for the rational design of high-performance lithium batteries.
  • To identify key factors influencing ionic conductivity in solid-state systems.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of ion diffusion pathways.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to measure ionic conductivity.
  • Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction and microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific ion hopping mechanisms and diffusion pathways within the solid electrolyte.
  • Quantified the relationship between material structure and ionic conductivity.
  • Demonstrated how understanding these mechanisms can guide material selection and optimization.

Conclusions:

  • The elucidated ion transport mechanism provides critical insights for solid electrolyte development.
  • This understanding facilitates the rational design of safer and more efficient lithium batteries.
  • Further research can leverage these findings to accelerate the commercialization of solid-state battery technology.