Long-term variations of global dust emissions and climate control

Dust discharged from the surface into the air has an important impact on global climate change, the ecological environment, and human health. However, the spatiotemporal variations of global dust emissions and the climate control of dust emissions from different dust sources in recent decades are still unclear. This study explores the spatiotemporal variations of global dust emissions from 1980 to 2020 based on the MERRA-2 dust emissions dataset and provides a detailed investigation of the interannual variations of dust emissions from major dust sources in the world and their contribution to the global dust cycle. On this basis, the association between global dust emissions and average wind speed (AWS), surface air temperature (SAT), precipitation (Ppt), relative humidity (RH), soil evaporation (SE), soil moisture (SM), and solar radiation (SR) were explored. In particular, the comparative importance of these climatic factors and their combined structures on dust emissions from different dust sources. The results show that North Africa contributed the most to global dust emissions, contributing 58% of the total global emissions, while South Africa and North America contributed the least to global dust emissions, at less than 1%, respectively. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis shows that SR was the major factor affecting the dust emissions of Australia, East Asia, South America, and Central Asia. AWS was the major factor influencing dust emissions in North Africa and South Asia. SAT, RH, and SM were the major factors affecting dust emissions in West Asia, North America, and South Africa, respectively. There were great differences in the climatic factors combinations on dust emissions intensity in different dust sources. These findings assist us in better understanding the control of climatic factors on dust emissions from global dust sources and have important scientific significance for accurately predicting dust events and reducing disaster risks.