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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Congenital lung malformations.

Federica Pederiva1, Steven S Rothenberg2, Nigel Hall3

  • 1Paediatric Surgery, "F. Del Ponte" Hospital, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy. federica_pederiva@yahoo.it.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|November 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital lung malformations (CLMs) require careful management, with ongoing debate regarding surgical intervention versus expectant observation for asymptomatic cases. Further research into their molecular mechanisms is crucial for understanding potential malignant transformations.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Congenital lung malformations (CLMs) are rare lung anomalies affecting 4 in 10,000 live births.
  • Presentation varies from asymptomatic to severe respiratory failure.
  • Diagnosis typically involves antenatal ultrasound and postnatal CT angiography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current diagnostic and management strategies for CLMs.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying CLM development and malignant transformation.
  • To identify critical unanswered questions in CLM care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CLM diagnosis, treatment, and molecular pathology.
  • Analysis of current surgical versus non-surgical management approaches.
  • Summary of research on genetic factors, including KRAS mutations in CPAM.

Main Results:

  • Surgical resection is standard for symptomatic CLMs, reducing morbidity and malignancy risk.
  • A consensus on managing asymptomatic CLMs is lacking, with ongoing debate on resection versus observation.
  • Molecular investigations are exploring genetic susceptibilities and malignant transformation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management for asymptomatic CLMs remains undetermined.
  • Planned follow-up and transition to adult care are essential for all CLM patients.
  • Understanding the molecular basis of CLMs is critical for future therapeutic strategies and risk assessment.