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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Related Experiment Video

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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Associations between apolipoprotein B and bone mineral density: a population-based study.

Xuefei Zhao1, Ning Tan2, Ya Zhang3

  • 1Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421009, China.

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
|November 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Apolipoprotein B (apo B) levels show a site-specific association with bone mineral density (BMD). This lipid marker impacts lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD differently, highlighting its complex role in bone health.

Keywords:
Apolipoprotein BBone mineral densityCross-sectional studyNHANESOsteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Bone metabolism and lipidology
  • Skeletal health and cardiovascular risk factors

Background:

  • Lipids play a crucial role in bone metabolism.
  • Understanding lipid profiles, including apolipoprotein B (apo B), is vital for bone health.
  • Previous research indicates the importance of lipids in bone metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein B (apo B) and bone mineral density (BMD).
  • To examine BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur.
  • To compare apo B's influence on BMD with traditional lipid markers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011-2016).
  • Included participants with complete data for apo B and BMD at three skeletal sites.
  • Employed weighted multivariate regression, subgroup analysis, interaction tests, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) for association and non-linear relationship analysis.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed data from 4,258 adults.
  • Found a negative association between apo B and lumbar spine BMD (β = -0.054).
  • Observed a positive association between apo B and femoral neck BMD (β = 0.031), with no significant link to total femur BMD.

Conclusions:

  • Apolipoprotein B (apo B) demonstrates a site-specific association with bone mineral density (BMD).
  • The findings suggest differential impacts of apo B on various skeletal sites.