Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome Associated With Dengue Encephalopathy: A Case Report

Infection with the dengue virus can present with a variety of clinical manifestations that can range from asymptomatic or mild disease to severe hemorrhagic shock. In this report, we present a 25-year-old female patient with complaints of fever, headache, vomiting, and a reeling sensation for two days. On further examination, the workup for meningitis was negative, and the patient tested positive for dengue IgM antibodies. The MRI brain showed a restricted central lesion involving the splenium of the corpus callosum in favor of a cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum and a transient lesion of the splenium. Based on the MRI, a diagnosis of reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) was confirmed. Supportive treatment was initiated, and the patient made a complete recovery with no neurological deficits. A repeat MRI of the brain was done one month later, and it revealed complete resolution of the splenial lesion. If dengue fever is treated effectively, it frequently has a favorable prognosis with remission of uncommon, distinct radiological associations.