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Frederikke Christie Knudtzen1,2, Nanna Skaarup Andersen1,3, Ulrikka Nygaard4

  • 1Klinisk Center for Vektorbårne Infektioner, Odense Universitetshospital.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|November 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
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Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a rare viral infection in Denmark, with increasing cases reported. Vaccination is available to prevent TBE, which can cause serious neurological issues.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a significant viral infection prevalent across Europe and Asia.
  • Recent decades have seen a global increase in TBE case numbers.
  • In Denmark, TBE is rare but shows a rising incidence, particularly in North Zealand.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on TBE epidemiology and clinical presentation.
  • Focuses on the specific trends and characteristics of TBE in Denmark.
  • Highlights the disease's bi-phasic nature and potential for severe neurological outcomes.

Key Points:

  • TBE presents with a biphasic illness, often starting as a "summer-flu" and potentially progressing to neuroinfection.
  • While mortality is low (<1%), a significant proportion of patients suffer long-term neurological sequelae.

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  • Geographic spread in Denmark is linked to microfoci, with North Zealand being a primary concern.

    • Conclusions:

    • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a preventable disease through vaccination.
    • Increased vigilance and public awareness are crucial given the rising incidence in endemic areas.
    • Understanding TBE's epidemiology and clinical course is vital for public health management.