Metabolic Disorder Therapeutics and their Effects on Memory

Diabetes is one of the major metabolic disorders of this era. It not only impacts a person's lifestyle but also has a long-term impact on the brain. It has a detrimental effect on a person's health when combined with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Several studies have suggested that the incidence of dementia is higher in people with metabolic syndrome. Investigations are underway to determine whether antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hypercholesteraemic, anti-hypertensive, and other combination medicines can minimize the incidence of cognitive impairment. Some studies have suggested that anti-diabetic drugs like metformin, liraglutide, and dapagliflozin might enhance memory in long-term users. At the same time, other studies indicate that long-term insulin use may cause memory decline. Similarly, drugs like ACEIs, CCBs, fibrates, statins, and various nutraceuticals have been shown to improve cognition via multiple mechanisms. Literature suggests that drugs that can treat metabolic syndrome can also partially reduce the accumulation of beta-amyloid, whereas some studies contradict these findings. We review the past thirty years' of research work and summarize the effects of most commonly used drugs and nutraceuticals for treating metabolic syndrome on memory. Here, we review the effects of antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive, and hypercholesteremic, and their combination in learning and memory.