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Does "Low Cost" Urban Sanitation Exist? Lessons from a Global Data Set.

Jin Igarashi1,2, Barbara Evans1, Andrew Sleigh1

  • 1School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.

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|November 3, 2023
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Summary

No urban sanitation system is inherently "low cost." This study reveals operational factors, like low connection rates, significantly impact costs more than technical aspects, using a global cost database.

Keywords:
benchmarkingcostcosting standardssanitationurban

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Urban Planning
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Accurate cost data for urban sanitation systems is crucial for effective planning and investment.
  • Existing cost data often relies on 'as planned' figures, not actual operational expenses.
  • A global, comparable database of real-world sanitation costs is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and demonstrate the value of a global database for collecting reliable, comparable cost data on urban sanitation systems.
  • To analyze and compare the actual costs of different urban sanitation system modes.
  • To identify key drivers of cost in urban sanitation.

Main Methods:

  • Development and utilization of a global database for urban sanitation system costs.
  • Aggregation and analysis of cost data from systems in operation.
  • Comparative analysis of different sanitation modes and influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • No single urban sanitation mode (e.g., sewered sanitation, fecal sludge management) is consistently "low cost."
  • Economies of scale observed in both sewerage and road-based transport of waste from pits/tanks.
  • Operational factors, such as low connection rates, were found to be more significant cost determinants than technical factors.

Conclusions:

  • Actual operational costs, not just technical design, must inform sanitation system comparisons.
  • Global cost benchmarking provides valuable insights for local decision-making.
  • Focusing on operational efficiency and increasing connection rates is key to managing urban sanitation costs.