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Bidirectional perforators in the lower limb are not physiologically normal: A brief commentary
André M van Rij1, Brigid G Hill1, Kate N Thomas1
1Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Phlebology
|November 3, 2023
Abstract:
The suggestion that bidirectional flow is a normal feature seen in venous perforators of the lower leg has been a longstanding debate. Newer published evidence has changed the perspective on normal perforator flow and is presented here to resolve the misunderstandings and different viewpoints previously held.
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