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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
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Placental pathologic features in obesity.

Fausta Beneventi1, Camilla Bellingeri2, Irene De Maggio2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy.

Placenta
|November 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Obese pregnant women have increased placental lesions, including maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion and inflammation. These placental changes may mediate adverse pregnancy outcomes and offspring health risks associated with maternal obesity.

Keywords:
Fetal vascular malperfusionMaternal vascular malperfusionObesityPlacentaPlacental inflammatory responseVillitis

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Maternal obesity is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term health issues for both mother and child.
  • Obesity-induced metabolic and inflammatory changes may affect placental function, mediating these adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare placental histological characteristics between non-diabetic obese pregnant women and lean controls.
  • To investigate the impact of obesity on placental pathology in uncomplicated pregnancies.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective case-control study involving 122 non-diabetic obese women and 185 non-obese controls.
  • Placental histopathological features were analyzed, focusing on overall subjects and a subset with uncomplicated pregnancies.
  • Pathologic findings were recorded using standard classification systems.

Main Results:

  • Obese women showed significantly higher risks of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) and fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) compared to controls.
  • Increased risks of maternal and fetal inflammatory response placental lesions and villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) were observed in obese women.
  • First-trimester BMI was significantly associated with MVM, FVM, maternal and fetal inflammatory responses, and VUE in uncomplicated pregnancies after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions:

  • Obese pregnant women exhibit a higher incidence of maternal and fetal vascular and inflammatory placental lesions.
  • These placental abnormalities may serve as mediators for the detrimental effects of maternal obesity on pregnancy outcomes and offspring health.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of placental pathology in the obesity-pregnancy-offspring health continuum.