A simple dual responsive chemosensor for selective sensing of Cs⁺ for environmental monitoring and mimicking...

Detection of toxic metals is of vital importance to safeguard both public health and the ecosystem. Herein, we investigate the newly designed and synthesised isoxazole-based azo dye, (E)-cyclopentyl(5-((5-(4-fluorophenyl) isoxazole-3-yl) diazenyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl) methanone (FPAZ), as a dual chromogenic and fluorogenic sensor. FPAZ demonstrates high selectivity, reusability and ultra-sensitivity towards Cs⁺ ions manifested through naked eye detection in aqueous medium by employing simple and economic optical spectroscopy techniques. The color change from colourless to dark yellow and enhancement of fluorescence intensity reveal about FPAZ-Cs⁺ complexation by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy respectively. The complexation is also supported by DFT calculations. The LOD is estimated to be 0.476 µM, which by far, is the lowest LOD obtained for Cs⁺ detection. Further, FPAZ is fabricated with various flexible materials (paper, cotton, non-woven fabric) which provide information about on-site Cs⁺ ion contamination by means of change in relative RGB values using a handy smart-phone camera. Besides this, the logic gate as IMPLICATION and INHIBIT is designed employing Cs⁺ and Cl^- ions as inputs and absorbance maxima as output. Overall, the developed chemosensor is simple, quick, and more promising than previously reported systems, as it does not need any chemical modification, expensive instruments, or expertise.