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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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The Watching-Eye Effect on Prosocial Lying.

Ryo Oda1, Yuta Kato2, Kai Hiraishi3

  • 1Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.

Evolutionary Psychology : an International Journal of Evolutionary Approaches to Psychology and Behavior
|November 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The presence of watching eyes reduces prosocial lying, suggesting norm adherence outweighs reputation. People avoid violating honesty norms, even when it means appearing less generous.

Keywords:
cooperationeye imageslienormprosocialityreputation

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The 'watching eyes' effect describes increased prosocial behavior in the presence of eye imagery.
  • Existing research suggests motivations for this effect include seeking rewards or avoiding norm violations.
  • Previous studies struggled to differentiate between norm adherence and genuine prosociality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the watching eyes effect on prosocial lying.
  • To determine if norm violation avoidance explains the watching eyes effect.
  • To differentiate between prosocial behavior and adherence to social norms.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental design comparing prosocial lying in an 'eyes condition' versus a 'control condition'.
  • Participants' tendency to tell prosocial lies was measured in both conditions.
  • Stylized eye depictions were used to prime the watching eyes effect.

Main Results:

  • Participants exhibited prosocial lying in the control condition, benefiting others through dishonesty.
  • The tendency for prosocial lying significantly decreased in the eyes condition.
  • This indicates that the watching eyes effect inhibits prosocial lying.

Conclusions:

  • The desire to avoid violating honesty norms is a primary driver of the watching eyes effect.
  • This norm adherence motivation appears stronger than the motivation for reputational gain through generosity.
  • The study clarifies the mechanisms behind the watching eyes effect, highlighting the power of perceived social monitoring.