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X-ray Imaging01:24

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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If a reaction has a small equilibrium constant, the equilibrium position favors the reactants. In such reactions, a negligible change in concentration may occur if the initial concentrations of reactants are high and the Kc value is small. In such circumstances, the equilibrium concentration is approximately equal to its initial concentration.  This estimation can be used to simplify the equilibrium calculations by assuming that some equilibrium concentrations are equal to the initial...
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The  x̄ chart is a statistical tool for monitoring the means in a process.
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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Small and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies of Biological Macromolecules in Solution
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Q&A with Xianjue Ma.

Xianjue Ma

    Cell Reports
    |November 4, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Xianjue Ma

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Tumor progression is a complex process involving genetic and epigenetic alterations.
    • Cell competition, where fitter cells eliminate less fit ones, plays a role in tissue homeostasis and can be co-opted during cancer development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the mechanisms underlying tumor progression.
    • To investigate the role of tumor-suppressive cell competition in cancer.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing genetic models and high-resolution imaging techniques.
    • Analyzing cellular interactions and elimination dynamics within developing tumors.

    Main Results:

    • Identified specific molecular pathways that regulate tumor-suppressive cell competition.

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  • Demonstrated that manipulating cell competition can impact tumor growth and suppression.

    • Conclusions:

    • Cell competition is a critical mechanism that can suppress tumor formation.
    • Understanding these pathways offers potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.