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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Assessment of Murine Exercise Endurance Without the Use of a Shock Grid: An Alternative to Forced Exercise
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Non-coding RNAs in exercise immunology: A systematic review.

Mona Kotewitsch1, Melina Heimer1, Boris Schmitz1

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany.

Journal of Sport and Health Science
|November 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular exercise modulates immune function through non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). This review identifies key microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets, revealing their significant role in exercise-induced immune responses, particularly after endurance exercise.

Keywords:
Immune systemInflammationMicroRNAPhysical exercisencRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Exercise Science
  • Molecular Biology and Genetics

Background:

  • Physical exercise significantly impacts immune function, influencing surveillance, inflammation, and overall health.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are implicated in immune regulation, but a comprehensive list of exercise-modulated ncRNAs and their immune targets is lacking.
  • Existing research shows heterogeneity in study designs and exercise protocols, necessitating a systematic approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify and categorize ncRNAs involved in immune modulation by physical exercise.
  • To create a condensed list of functional, exercise-dependent ncRNAs with known immune system targets.
  • To analyze the role of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in mediating exercise-induced immune effects.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and qualitative analysis combining literature searches (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) for "ncRNA and exercise immunology" and database searches (miRTarBase, DIANA-Tarbase v8) for miRNAs targeting immune genes (Reactome database).
  • Inclusion criteria focused on exercise-based interventions in healthy humans, with miRNA targets validated by in vitro experimental data.
  • Results were synthesized using ordering tables, categorizing ncRNAs based on exercise modality, intervention type (acute/chronic), and consistency of reported changes across studies (validated, plausible, suggestive).

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 95 studies identified 164 miRNAs and 6 other ncRNAs (lncRNAs, circular RNAs) involved in exercise immunology.
  • For resistance exercise, miR-206 upregulation was validated, and miR-133a downregulation was plausible.
  • Fifteen miRNAs were validated for endurance exercise, with 12 consistently upregulated and 3 downregulated, primarily after acute exercise. Key miRNAs include miR-15, miR-29c, miR-30a, miR-142/3, miR-181a, and miR-338.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in exercise-induced immune system modulation, affecting immune cell distribution, function, trafficking, and cytokine production.
  • Specific miRNAs, particularly miR-15, miR-29c, miR-30a, miR-142/3, miR-181a, and miR-338, are key mediators of exercise's immunomodulatory effects, especially following acute endurance exercise.
  • This systematic approach provides a validated list of exercise-responsive ncRNAs, enhancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking exercise and immunity.