Should sampling of three N2 stations be a quality metric for curative resection of stage I lung cancer?

In 2022, the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer issued standard 5.8 quality metric for curative lung cancer resections requiring nodal resection from 3 N2 stations. In this report, we compare oncologic outcomes after resection of 3 N2 stations versus 2 N2 stations in stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

A retrospective review from a single institution database was conducted from 2011 to 2020 to identify patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Patients with a history of lung cancer, carcinoid tumors, and ground-glass lesions less than 50% solid component were excluded. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes included disease-free survival, recurrence patterns, and nodal upstaging.

A total of 581 patients were identified and divided into 2 groups based on the number of N2 stations examined: Group A had 2 N2 stations examined (364 patients), and group B had 3 or more N2 stations examined (217 patients). Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups. In group A, N1 and N2 positive nodal stations were present in 8.2% (30/364) and 5.2% (19/364) of patients versus 7.4% (16/217) and 5.5% (12/217), respectively, in group B. Five-year overall survival and disease-free survival were 89% and 74% in group A versus 88% and 78% in group B, respectively. Recurrence occurred in 56 patients (15.4%) in group A (6.6% local and 8.8% distant) and 29 patients (13.4%) in group B (5.1% local and 8.3% distant; P = .73).

There was no significant difference in oncological outcomes in stage I non-small cell lung cancer resections that included 2 N2 stations compared with at least 3 N2 stations examined.