Graphene-based biosensors for detecting coronavirus: a brief review

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, necessitates rapid and affordable diagnostic tools.
• Biosensors offer a promising avenue for detecting biomolecules, with graphene exhibiting unique properties for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review graphene-based biosensor technologies for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
• To discuss surface modification, immobilization strategies, sensitivity, and limit of detection (LOD) for these biosensors.
• To highlight the potential of point-of-care (POC) SARS-CoV-2 detection using portable devices.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on graphene-based electrochemical biosensors.
• Review of literature on graphene-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors.
• Review of literature on graphene-based surface plasmon biosensors.

Main Results:

• Graphene's physical, optical, and electrochemical properties are suitable for developing ultrasensitive and selective SARS-CoV-2 biosensors.
• Details on surface modification, immobilization, sensitivity, and LOD for various graphene-based biosensor types were analyzed.
• The review covers electrochemical, FET, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor configurations.

Conclusions:

• Graphene-based biosensors show significant potential for accurate and rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection.
• Advancements in sensor technology are paving the way for portable, point-of-care diagnostic solutions.
• Further research into surface functionalization and device integration is crucial for clinical translation.