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Related Experiment Video

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Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
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Variability in Stigma Severity During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

İrfan Esen1, Selda Kaya2, Ersin Günay3

  • 1Internal Medicine, Yüksek İhtisas University, Ankara, TUR.

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|November 6, 2023
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COVID-19 stigma decreased over time as understanding of the disease grew. Early pandemic fears about job loss and social discrimination lessened significantly in the second six months.

Keywords:
covid-19pandemicsars-cov-2 infectionsocial stigmastigmatization

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented societal challenges, including the emergence of stigma.
  • Understanding the evolution of this stigma and its contributing factors is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changes in COVID-19-related stigma over time.
  • To identify factors influencing the reduction of stigma during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study was conducted on individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 between May 2021 and April 2022.
  • Participants were divided into two groups based on the timing of their infection: first six months (Group 1) and second six months (Group 2) of the pandemic.
  • A 29-item questionnaire assessed participants' agreement with statements related to stigma and discrimination.

Main Results:

  • Stigma, particularly concerning job termination and social discrimination, was significantly higher in the first six months compared to the second.
  • Agreement with "COVID-19 is a punishment" decreased from 76.1% in Group 1 to 94.9% in Group 2 (p=0.011).
  • Agreement with "Employers may terminate employment" decreased from 56.8% in Group 1 to 97.4% in Group 2 (p<0.001), while agreement with "social discrimination" decreased from 80.7% to 38.5% (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Initial pandemic fears regarding job security and social status diminished over time.
  • COVID-19 stigma was more pronounced in the early stages of the pandemic.
  • Increased disease recognition and experience contributed to a reduction in stigma and discrimination.