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A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
Published on: April 12, 2017
An Overview of Renal Cell Carcinoma Hallmarks, Drug Resistance, and Adjuvant Therapies
Josiele DA Silva Prade1, Ruan Soares DE Souza2, Camila Medianeira DA Silva D'Αvila3
1Post-graduate Program in Health and Life Sciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Abstract:
Renal neoplasms are highlighted as one of the 10 most common types of cancer. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of renal cancer, considered the seventh most common type of cancer in the Western world. The most frequently altered genes described as altered are VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, KDM5C, PTEN, BAP1, mTOR, TP53, TCEB1 (ELOC), SMARCA4, ARID1A, and PIK3CA. RCC therapies can be classified in three groups: monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and mTOR inhibitors. Besides, there are targeted agents to treat RCC. However, frequently patients present side effects and resistance. Even though many multidrug resistance mechanisms already have been reported to RCC, studies focused on revealing new biomarkers as well as more effective antitumor therapies with no or low side effects are very important. Some studies reported that natural products, such as honey, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), curcumin, resveratrol, and englerin A showed antitumor activity against RCC. Moreover, nanoscience is another strategy to improve RCC treatment and reduce the side effects due to the improvement in pharmacokinetics and reduction of toxicities of chemotherapies. Taking this into account, we conducted a systemic review of recent research findings on RCC hallmarks, drug resistance, and adjuvant therapies. In conclusion, a range of studies reported that RCC is characterized by high incidence and increased mortality rates because of the development of resistance to standard therapies. Given the importance of improving RCC treatment and reducing adverse effects, nanoscience and natural products can be included in therapeutic strategies.
Insights
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common cancer with high mortality due to treatment resistance. Novel adjuvant therapies, including natural products and nanoscience, show promise for improving RCC treatment outcomes and reducing side effects.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Cancer Research
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a prevalent cancer globally, ranking as the seventh most common in Western countries.
- Key genetic alterations in RCC include mutations in VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, and others, influencing disease progression.
- Current RCC therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, often lead to patient side effects and drug resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a systematic review of recent findings on renal cell carcinoma hallmarks, drug resistance mechanisms, and adjuvant therapeutic strategies.
- To explore the potential of natural products and nanoscience as novel approaches to enhance RCC treatment efficacy and mitigate adverse effects.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of recent research findings.
- Analysis of studies focusing on renal cell carcinoma hallmarks.
- Evaluation of research on drug resistance and adjuvant therapies for RCC.
Main Results:
- Renal cell carcinoma is characterized by high incidence and mortality, often exacerbated by resistance to standard treatments.
- Natural products like EGCG, curcumin, and resveratrol have demonstrated antitumor activity against RCC.
- Nanoscience offers a strategy to improve drug pharmacokinetics and reduce chemotherapy toxicities in RCC treatment.
Conclusions:
- Despite advances, resistance to standard therapies remains a significant challenge in managing renal cell carcinoma.
- Natural products and nanoscience represent promising avenues for developing more effective and safer adjuvant therapies for RCC.
- Further research into these novel strategies is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of renal cell carcinoma.
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