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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Overview
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing
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Public engagement with genomics.

Anna Middleton1,2, Avery Adams3, Hugbaad Aidid1,2

  • 1Wellcome Connecting Science, Hinxton, England, UK.

Wellcome Open Research
|November 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engaging the public in genomics requires tailored strategies, as current methods lack clear best practices for broad population involvement. Evidence-based approaches are needed to connect diverse audiences with genomic science.

Keywords:
Genetics; genomics; public engagement; Responsible Research and Innovation; inclusivity; participation

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Public Engagement
  • Science Communication
  • Health Policy

Background:

  • The UK government acknowledges the importance of public engagement in genomics, as outlined in Genome UK.
  • There is a significant gap in understanding how to effectively engage broad populations in genomics at scale.
  • Many public audiences feel disconnected from science, questioning its relevance and rarely discussing it.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review UK public attitudes towards genetics and genomics, identifying barriers to engagement.
  • To explore innovative public engagement methods for bringing diverse audiences into genomic technology discussions.
  • To identify evidence-based strategies for population-level genomics engagement.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of UK attitudes towards genetics and genomics.
  • Analysis of innovative public engagement approaches (participatory arts, film, social media, deliberative methods).
  • Assessment of existing strategies for population-level engagement in genomics.

Main Results:

  • Novel engagement methods exist, but there is no clear agreement on best practices.
  • No consistently used, evidence-based strategy was found for broad population engagement in genomics.
  • Specific methods to engage historically excluded groups in genomics research are not well-established.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for well-defined, tailored engagement strategies for genomics.
  • Engagement strategies must clearly articulate audience, purpose, and intended impact.
  • Robust evaluation frameworks are crucial for building evidence for population-level engagement in genomics.