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It takes two (seconds): decreasing encoding time for two-choice functional near-infrared spectroscopy brain-computer

Anna Vorreuther1,2, Lisa Bastian1,3,4, Amaia Benitez Andonegui1,5

  • 1Maastricht University, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

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|November 6, 2023
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Summary

This study developed a fast, 2-second encoding time brain-computer interface (BCI) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for efficient communication. This fNIRS-BCI system offers a convenient and rapid communication channel for individuals with motor impairments.

Keywords:
brain-based communicationbrain–computer interfacefNIRSmental imagerymotor disabilityonline data analysis“locked-in” syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Technology

Background:

  • Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer communication for motor-impaired individuals.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a mobile, safe, and cost-effective BCI modality.
  • Current BCIs often require long encoding times, increasing user cognitive load.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient and convenient two-choice fNIRS communication BCI.
  • To reduce encoding time to 2 seconds to enhance communication speed.
  • To decrease the cognitive load for BCI users.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy adults performed a combined motor-speech imagery task to encode binary answers.
  • A 2-second encoding time within auditory-guided time windows was implemented.
  • fNIRS data was decoded online using informative channel-chromophore combinations.

Main Results:

  • Online decoding accuracy reached 85.8% (run-based group mean).
  • Average single-trial accuracy was 68.1% post-hoc.
  • Optimal information transfer was achieved with four encoding trials.

Conclusions:

  • A 2-second encoding time enables immediate, efficient fNIRS-BCI communication.
  • This approach enhances convenience and speed for BCI users.
  • fNIRS-BCI shows promise for motor-independent communication.